Reduce demand
Make the building need less energy before choosing equipment.
Design moves continuous insulation, airtight construction, exterior shading, orientation that welcomes winter sun and limits summer gain, efficient appliances.

Measure performance
Design decisions improve when the building is modelled and monitored.
What to track energy modelling before construction, blower-door testing, sub-metering heating and hot water, tracking seasonal energy use and indoor comfort.

Produce clean energy
After demand is small, renewable energy can cover the remainder.
Energy sources right-sized rooftop solar, battery storage for resilience, heat-pump heating and hot water, demand-shifting around daytime generation.